Is It Possible to Filter by Calculated Fields in Collections

Normally, filters are applied using fields from a table; however, I need to apply a filter on a field that doesn’t exist in the table. It would be a calculated field, such as the number of days a payment is overdue. Is that possible?

Yes it should be

I understand that it is possible to apply a filter on a calculated field, such as the number of days a payment is overdue, even if that field does not exist in the table. If that is the case, could you please describe how I can do that?